1. Introduction

Hepatitis B is a contagious liver infection caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). It can cause both acute and chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and liver cancer. The Hepatitis B vaccine is a safe and effective way to prevent infection by this virus and protect individuals from its serious health consequences.

2. Main Purpose

The primary purpose of the Hepatitis B vaccine is to stimulate the immune system to produce protective antibodies against HBV. This helps to prevent the virus from infecting the liver and stops the spread of infection within communities.

3. Indication

The Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for:

• All infants, starting at birth
• Children and adolescents who were not vaccinated at birth
• Adults at risk of exposure, such as healthcare workers, travelers to endemic areas, people with chronic liver disease, and individuals with multiple sexual partners

4. Government Policy

In many countries, including Malaysia, the Hepatitis B vaccine is included in the national immunization program. It is administered routinely to newborns within 24 hours after birth, followed by additional doses according to a set schedule. The government provides the vaccine free of charge through public health clinics to ensure broad protection across the population.

This policy aims to reduce the incidence of HBV infections and ultimately eliminate Hepatitis B as a public health threat.

5. Common Side Effects

The Hepatitis B vaccine is generally very safe. However, some people may experience mild side effects, which usually resolve on their own:

• Pain or redness at the injection site
• Mild fever
• Fatigue or headache
• Mild rash (rare)

Severe allergic reactions are extremely rare.

6. Timeline

The Hepatitis B vaccine is usually given in 3 or 4 doses depending on the schedule used:

• Birth dose: Within 24 hours of birth
• Second dose: At 1–2 months of age
• Third dose: At 6 months of age
• (Optional) Fourth dose: For certain high-risk groups or combined vaccine schedules

7. Parent Take Note

• Ensure your baby receives the first dose of Hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours of birth.
• Follow the full vaccination schedule to ensure complete protection.
• Inform your healthcare provider if your child has any history of allergic reactions.
• Keep a record of all vaccinations and bring it to every clinic visit.
• Contact your healthcare provider if you notice any unusual side effects after vaccination.

8. Conclusion

The Hepatitis B vaccine is a crucial tool in preventing serious liver disease caused by HBV. Vaccination not only protects your child but also helps protect the wider community by reducing the spread of the virus. Timely vaccination, adherence to the recommended schedule, and awareness of possible side effects are essential steps in maintaining good health and preventing Hepatitis B infection.